On This Page You Will Find:
- Key eligibility criteria for Canadian citizenship
- Residency and tax filing requirements
- Language and knowledge test details
- Criminal and admissibility rules
- How to apply for Canadian citizenship
- Frequently asked questions
Who Qualifies for Canadian Citizenship?
To become a Canadian citizen, applicants must meet several requirements set by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). These requirements ensure that applicants have established a lasting connection to Canada and understand the country’s laws, language, and values.
Permanent Resident Status
You must hold valid permanent resident (PR) status and must not be under review for immigration or fraud issues, subject to a removal order, or have unmet conditions attached to your PR. You may still apply for citizenship even if your PR card has expired, as long as your PR status remains valid.
Physical Presence Requirement
You must have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (three years) in the five years before the date you sign your application.
Time spent in Canada before becoming a permanent resident – as a temporary resident or protected person – may count as half-days, up to a maximum of 365 days toward the total.
Time spent in Canada while serving a prison sentence, parole, or probation does not count toward the physical presence requirement.
Income Tax Filing
You must have filed income tax returns for at least three years within the five-year period before applying for citizenship, if required under Canadian tax law. This demonstrates that you have met your obligations as a resident of Canada.
Language Requirements
Applicants aged 18 to 54 must show they can speak and understand one of Canada’s official languages – English or French.
You can meet this requirement by taking an approved language test, providing transcripts from a Canadian secondary or post-secondary institution, or submitting proof of language training.
Citizenship Test and Knowledge of Canada
If you are between 18 and 54 years old, you must take a citizenship test. The test checks your knowledge of Canada’s history, geography, government, rights, responsibilities, and symbols.
The test is based on the official study guide Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship and is usually conducted in English or French.
Criminal History and Inadmissibility
If you have been convicted of certain offences in Canada or abroad, or are currently facing criminal charges, you may not be eligible to apply for citizenship until a specified period has passed.
Applicants must not be serving a sentence, on probation, or parole at the time of application.
Intent to Reside
You must declare your intent to live in Canada after becoming a citizen. This includes living in Canada permanently, working outside the country for the Canadian government, or serving as a member of the Canadian Armed Forces.
Application Process
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Check your eligibility.
Ensure you meet all citizenship requirements.
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Gather your documents.
Use the most recent checklist and guide provided by IRCC.
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Submit your application.
You can apply online or by mail if eligible.
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Take your test or attend an interview.
Applicants aged 18–54 will complete a test or interview to assess knowledge and language ability.
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Attend your citizenship ceremony.
After approval, you will take the Oath of Citizenship and officially become a Canadian citizen.
Qualifying for Canadian Citizenship: Frequently Asked Questions
How long must I live in Canada before applying for citizenship?
You must have lived in Canada for at least 1,095 days within the five years before applying. Time as a temporary resident or protected person may count as half-days, up to one year.
Do I need to file taxes to qualify for citizenship?
Yes. You must have filed income tax returns for at least three of the past five years if required under Canadian tax law.
Who must take the citizenship test?
Applicants aged 18 to 54 must take a citizenship test to show knowledge of Canada’s history, values, institutions, and rights and responsibilities.
Can I apply if my PR card has expired?
Yes. You can still apply for citizenship even if your PR card is expired, provided your permanent resident status remains valid.
What happens if I have a criminal record?
Certain criminal convictions or charges can make you ineligible for citizenship until a waiting period has passed. You must not be serving a sentence or on probation when applying.
